A Comprehensive Guide: How to Differentiate Between Genuine Rubies and Synthetic or Fake Ones
Introduction
Rubies, the fiery gemstones coveted for their intense red hue, have fascinated humanity for centuries. However, in the age of technology, distinguishing between genuine rubies and their synthetic or fake counterparts has become increasingly challenging. This comprehensive guide equips you with the knowledge needed to differentiate between authentic rubies and their imitations.
Understanding Rubies
Rubies, the gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, owe their vibrant red colour to the presence of chromium. In nature, these precious stones form deep within the Earth's crust, subjected to immense heat and pressure over millions of years.
Characteristics of Genuine Rubies
Colour and Intensity
Genuine rubies exhibit a rich, deep red colour, often described as "pigeon blood red." The intensity of this hue is a hallmark of their authenticity.
Natural ruby and diamond ladies cluster ring, image courtesy of Mozeris Fine Antiques
Clarity and Transparency
Authentic rubies possess excellent clarity with minimal inclusions. Hold a ruby up to the light; if you observe any visible flaws or air bubbles, it may be a synthetic or fake stone.
Hardness and Durability
Rubies score 9 on the Mohs scale, indicating exceptional hardness. This characteristic makes them resistant to scratches, a quality rarely found in synthetic varieties.
Synthetic Rubies: Identifying the Telltale Signs
Flawless Perfection
Most synthetic rubies lack the imperfections present in natural stones. If a ruby appears too flawless, it might be a lab-grown imitation.
The 3.53-carat laboratory-grown ruby treated with lead-glass filling, image courtesy of GIA
Inclusions and Growth Lines
Synthetic rubies often contain noticeable inclusions or growth lines under magnification. These marks, absent in genuine rubies, are remnants of the manufacturing process.
Fake Rubies: Common Imposters
Glass Imitations
Magnification of the internal structure of the synthetic ruby showing high-relief trapped gas bubbles and blue and orange flash effects, image courtesy of GIA
Glass rubies, despite their visual similarity, lack the hardness of genuine stones. A scratch test can reveal their true nature.
Composite Rubies
Composite rubies combine real ruby shards with other materials. These hybrids can be identified by visible layers or inconsistencies in colour and texture.
Conclusion
Distinguishing between genuine rubies and synthetic or fake ones requires a keen eye and knowledge of the subtle differences. By understanding the unique characteristics of authentic rubies and the telltale signs of imitations, you can make an informed decision when purchasing these precious gemstones.
FAQ’s
Q: How can I tell if a ruby is real without professional help? A: Genuine rubies are cold to the touch and quickly adopt your body temperature. They also refract light differently from most fakes.
Q: Are synthetic rubies valuable? A: While synthetic rubies lack the rarity of natural stones, they are still valuable and significantly more affordable. Their ethical production also appeals to many buyers.
Q: Can synthetic rubies be used in jewelry? A: Yes, synthetic rubies are popular in jewelry-making. They offer an ethical and cost-effective alternative to genuine stones.
Q: Do rubies change color over time? A: No, authentic rubies do not change color. However, exposure to extreme heat or light might affect their appearance.
Q: What is the best way to clean rubies? A: Clean rubies with mild soap, warm water, and a soft brush. Avoid steam or ultrasonic cleaners, which can damage the stone.
Q: Are rubies only red? A: While red is the most prized color, rubies can range from pinkish-red to purplish-red hues.
